INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPRs) AND AWARENESS ON DIGITAL Research Paper

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPRs) AND AWARENESS ON DIGITAL PROTECTION IN DIGITAL LEARNING - Research Paper Example 25). Under the 1976 U.S. copyright law, the owner of copyrighted materials were given the legal right to control the reproduction of their own works and creation, the display of their digital materials, and the distribution of their professional works and masterpieces (Ulius, 2003, p. 62). Demand for digital learning is increasing. By personally seeking permission from the copyright owner(s) before using their published works and ideas, educators and students should respect the existing law behind digital protection. This study will focus on examining the significance of intellectual property rights (IPR) and public awareness of digital protection on digital learning at Botswana College of Open and Distance Learning (BOCODOL). By incorporating the three approaches including the qualitative (interpretive / subjective), quantitative (objective / realism) and critical (analytical / critical / normative) in the research design, whether or not the students at BOCODOL are prone on violating the intellectual property rights of the writers and digital publishers will be The main purpose of this paper is to examine how the combination of qualitative, quantitative and critical approaches in research methods could strengthen the reliability and accuracy of the research study results. To satisfy the use of the quantitative research approach, the research design for this study will make use of research survey approach. For the qualitative and critical approaches, the significance of research interview and the use of a combine quantitative and qualitative research will be tackled in details respectively. Aside from discussing the statement of the problem and research questions for each of the three major research approaches, the conceptual framework of qualitative, quantitative and critical research methods will be thoroughly examined by going through the in-depth analysis and

The real estate sector Essay Example for Free

The real estate sector Essay ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A project is never an individual effort of a person whose name has appeared on the cover page. A successful project requires proper guidance, proper time, energy, efforts, patience and knowledge. First of all I am deeply grateful to Dr. Manjula Shastri whose help, valuable suggestions, encouragement and guidance helped me in preparation and writing of the report. I want to thank the staff of Piyush Group who spends their valuable time to give me the important data regarding my project. I would also like to express my gratitude to everyone who gave me the possibility to complete my summer internship report. This Project has given me an insight of the Real Estate Industry and the competition between different Real Estate Group. The completion of the Project has made me aware of the Research Procedures and the complexities that can arose during the process. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In India, Real Estate business is believed to be a sale and purchase of the property on the market with the assistance of real estate brokers/agents. However with the entrant of large Real Estate Groups like PIYUSH, RPS INFINIA, DLF, ANSALS, SIKKA, OMAXE, SUPERTECH etc. the scenario has completely changed. The sector has now become well organized with the groups performing well in the sector. They are well established corporate who have  efficient marketing strategy for facing changing democratic and environmental scenario. Liberalization has given the real estate sector a very attractive approach for investment and growth. Moreover government has opened the path to FDI and Public Private Partnership (PPP) for major infrastructural and development projects in NCR. The NCR alone are the core of major real estate activity in India. Although infrastructure has been hit by rising input costs and delayed approvals, assest prices for residential real estate have recovered and grown over the past two years. The increase in residential assest prices have given to a prospective fizz, causing stagnation over the past two quarters. Various real estate players have the business strategy of capturing major market through their different commercial and residential projects in NCR (areas surrounding Delhi). Therefore cities like Faridabad, Noida and Gurgaon are the best place to live or to invest in it. TABLE OF CONTENT PARTICULARS Declaration Certificate Acknowledgement Executive Summary Objective and Scope of the Study Research Methodology Introduction Company Profile Current Scenario of Real Estate Business Growth Prospect of Real Estate Business in NCR The Major Players of Real Estate Business in NCR Competitive Analysis Conclusion Bibliography OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The aim of this summer internship project is the study of Real Estate Sector  in NCR with reference to Commercial and Residential Projects and what is it’s over all impact on the changing Indian economy .This project will also put light on a changing trend and new area developing for realtors in NCR region with their price components both launching and pre launching price of the property. Objective 1: To study the current project of Piyush Group Objective 2: To study the growth prospects of Real Estate Business in NCR. Objective 3: To understand how one should go about selecting the Real Estate Projects. Objective 4: To study and do the competitive analysis of Piyush Group SCOPE OF THE STUDY This research is important to prospective real estate investor, students, entrepreneurs and developers who are having stakes in different small and mid size project in NCR. This may be of special interest to marketing students who would like to know more about the practical step- by- step side of marketing world, rather than only the theoretical aspects taught in business schools Research Methodology The methodology which was opted for the project is as follows: 1. Description of the Research This research on will consist of exploratory research as well as conclusive research. It begins with a hypothesis, and to arrive at a conclusion, which includes secondary data as well as information from case data and questionnaire. 2. Data Collection Methods The Sources of secondary data that are used are Libraries resource center Internet Sites Books, News papers, Magazines Journal Trade promotion council Organization The method of primary data collection is Questionnaires Direct Interviews 3. Field work The fieldwork in this project consisted of data collection through taking the interviews and getting the questionnaires filled up. 4. Analysis Finally interpretation will be drawn from the analysis of the information gathered Primary Data Secondary Data Analysis and Findings of Data INTRODUCTION Real Estate is often inaccurately taken as a profession. However Real Estate is a business, not a profession. Profession applies science, act or learning to the use of others, the profit to the professor or person applying it being incidental while business is engaged in making profit and the profit is to the one who is engaged in the business. But whether real estate is a business or a profession has no connection at all with the body of ethics governing it. Every business can be conducted upon a plane ethically as high as the ideals of any profession, and the men who have been conspicuously successful in the real estate business have attained success because they have applied to their business the highest ideals of commercial fair dealing. This does not mean that there is any ethical requirement for the seller or the purchaser to give away anything which belongs to him, or for either one to disclose to the other his necessity for selling or his requirements for buying; but the barg ain having been made, it is absolutely necessary that it be lived up to by both parties, according to its intent; and, if there be any doubt of the intent of the bargain as it is expressed in writing, that the spirit of the transaction be carried out rather than that the catch words of a written instrument should govern. Cases are  frequent of men who to their own detriment perform the thing which they have promised to do although not legally obligated, and the bigger and more successful the man who makes the promise the more surely will it be carried out. Important obligations are often incurred upon the mere promise of a well-known man to sell an important piece of property at a definite price, although no legal and enforceable obligation exist; and the promise is always redeemed if it is made by a man who knows the business, and it is redeemed not merely from altruistic motives, but also for purely business reasons. Divisions of the business.—the principal divisions of the real estate business are investment, operation and agency. These differ from one another according to the aims of the persons engaging in them and the methods by which those persons expect to make their gains. To conduct either of the first two divisions of the business, investment or operation, actual money capital is required. The most important capital in the agency business is the good will of its customers, and that can be marketed, increased and made very valuable for investment. Investment is the employment of capital in the acquisition of real estate or interests therein for permanent ownership or actual use of the person acquiring it. Operation is the employment of capital in the acquisition or improvement of real estate or interests therein for commercial operations. Agency is dealing in or with real estate on behalf of others. Investment in real estate is generally made for either of two purposes : (a) To derive an income, (b) To hold for resale in expectancy of an increase in value. Investment for income may be for one of two purposes, (1) The derivation of rental—that is, the direct return for the use of real property for definite periods, or (2) The obtaining of income through others upon money lent on the security of real property. COMPANY PROFILE Piyush group has ventured into a wide range of aspects of Real Estate and construction. In the Indian real estate state of affairs, Piyush Group is indulged in development of Integrated Township, Group Housing Projects, and Commercial Mall.  In the world of Piyush Group people get to enjoy the Harmony of Nature, the culture and the people together. Piyush Group is a diversified group with a major presence in real estate development, construction and financial services. This group, has over two decades of experience, a strong technical base and financial standing was accorded the ISO 9001: 2000 certification. A recognition of its focus on international standards. Time bound delivery and top level quality is synonymous with this group which has a projected turnover of US $ 450 million. From integrated housing projects to commercial projects to business parks, Piyush group has ventured into various facets of real estate and construction. In the Indian real estate scenario, Piyush Group is involved in development of Integrated Township, Group Housing Projects, Commercial mall cum Multiplexes, Educational Institutions, Corporate and IT Projects. In Piyush Group, where the vistas are endless, we stands beacon like, leading the way and in the process make an effort to change the way people dream about their homes and establishments. Piyush Group visualizes a project in every major city of the National Capital Region (NCR). Residential Projects on the anvil include Integrated Townships in Palwal and Bhiwadi and a world class Group Housing Project (Piyush Heights) is under speed development spread over 17.5 acres (approx.) located at Sec 89, Faridabad. Commercial projects including Upcoming Business Park Global i being designed by the renowned architect Hafeez Contractor located on Mathura Road, Faridabad. With plenty more in the offering Piyush Group stands for its motto To deliver quality beyond ones expectations. Core Strength The core strength of Piyush Group is its experience professionals who bring in unique mix together of business and technology skills that help the group  to know business issues and opportunities and to achieve measurable output. In a very short period Piyush Group has made a mark. This achievement that Piyush Group has achieved is actually the sources of inspiration which keeps them going. The motto of their growth is to deliver quality beyond ones expectations and consider in keeping intact the essence of life as growth. Professionalism and awareness to detail, right from planning to implementation is an in-built quality of the entire team of qualified professionals that make up the most valuable resource of Piyush Group. Efficiency and Integrity is the keystone of this organization where energy of youth rubs shoulders with wealth of experience reflecting the creativity and progressiveness of the organization. The main strength of Piyush Group is their highly qualified and seasoned professionals, experts and advisors. They have an approach to provide real estate solutions sterns from pure professionalism, through knowledge of market trends, technical knows-how, utilization of world class construction methods and equipment. Piyush Group wealth is a rich vault of experience which grows with each new project implemented. Dedicated to details the gtoup covers every inch from planning to implementation to after sales. And periodically invest in research and development to keep updating the knowledge of consumer insight, technology and construction for an unmatched leverage in forecasting and planning for the future with hallmarked quality projects that meet expectations in designs, amenities and convenience. The efforts have earned the group recognition for international standards, globally. Vision Mission VISION: Piyush Group foresees to transform dreams into reality. Its vision is to create residential and commercial establishments across all stratum of society and eventually facilitate to excel in the essence of life! The endeavor is to develop the lives and aspirations of people and enhance their quality of life and work. MISSION: To regenerate the essence of life To provide to customers needs of today and to percieve and provide for tomorrows needs. To provide value for money high returns on investment. To focus on strategic growth through existing and forthcoming projects. To stick on to internationally accepted benchmarks in real estate development and construction Principles Guidelines The Essence of Life: The core fundamental principle that governs our endeavors. And which simply defined translates into following: To formulate a cohesive effort in improving and inspiration of people. To provide to the needs of today to predict and provide for the needs of tomorrow. To give value for money high returns on investment. To support the virtues of transparency in dealings, honesty and integrity. To build long lasting relationship with business partners, clients and customer. To generate innovative real estate projects via a unique blend of business acumen, technology skills. To deliver the epitome of high quality on a timely basis. To our customers before our projects and not vice versa. Piyush Group Projects Group Housing Piyush Heights Commercial – Piyush Business Park, Piyush Global I, Piyush Mahendra Metropolitan Mall Group Housing Group Housing 1) Piyush Heights: Overview: Envisaged as an amalgam of world class infrastructure and aesthetic environs this Group Housing project spread over 17.5 Acres (approx.) located at Sec 89, Faridabad offers a combination of 1086 apartments. Facilities like a fully equipped gymnasium, clubhouse, swimming pool, etc. are luxuries that come with the offering. This residential complex promises peace of mind with it’s hi-tech security, power backup and still parking space. Salient Features Being designed by leading architect M/S R.K Associates Green Area Exotic Landscaping and open area Provision for visitors Car parking Surrounded by Prominent Educational and Health Care institutes Building Design for earthquake resistance Parking in stills and open Why to invest One of the most talked about project in Faridabad. It is situated in the Heart of Greater Faridabad; only 5 minutes drive from proposed Noida express way. Nearly 8 kms from South Delhi Best of the amenities being provided at a very competitive price Bank loan facility available Lot of corporate houses employs have also invested in our project Bank Loan facility Available from: Can Fin Homes Ltd (sponsored by canara bank), Duestsche Bank, DHFL Commercial Projects 1) Piyush Global I Overview A symbol of dynamism and growth, Globai I is a world-class IT Project at Faridabad. From an incredible architectural style to the breathtaking views outside, working here in intended for people who seek to be associated with a vibrant community of like-minded individuals. Its hi-tech offices exude sophistication and elegance, and provide a fitting ambience for those who enjoy being in the midst of all the action. Stay ahead of competition. Work better. Meet deadlines earlier. Make smooth transactions a daily routine. And to its end, Global I offers varied infrastructure which makes all this easily possible. Salient Features Centralised Air conditioning (Bluestar) 12% assured return on investment Strategically located at the Main NH-2 Total area of 3, 50, 000 sq.ft. (Approx) Designed by the renowned architect, Hafeez Contractor Proximity to the upcoming metro station . Only 20 minutes from the proposed Noida Expressway 25 minutes drive from Delhi* Hassel-free working environment Health Club Spa Cafeteria Centralised RO water supply 3 level basement parking Designed on the pattern of environment friendly green building NH-2 going to six lane soon IMT Faridabad is just 5 min drive Approx. 1km drive from Commercial sector -12 ATM 2) Piyush Mahendra Metropolitan Mall (Commercial Project) Overview A Joint venture with Sh. Mahendra Pratap Singh (Cabinet Minister – Haryana Govt.) The world of fashion brands cuisines beckons you, now bigger and better. Piyush group presents a magnificent investment opportunity in the industrial city of Faridabad, The MetropolitanMall. Designed to be the finest corporate and retail destination, The Metropolitan Mall is perfect for those who wish to invest in this booming real estate market Salient Features Centrally air-conditioned Electrical Lighting System- Remote Controlled Heat reflective glass to reduce air conditioning costs Specifications as per international standards Designed as per Vaastu Feng Shui 24X7 security systems with CCTV Two level basement parking Fire Detection protection system. An ambience of multi specialty Cuisine Food Court . Piyush Mall is surrounded by artfully landscaped natural green environment. Situated in heart of Residential area Very good location as NIT and other residential area is nearyby 3) Piyush Business Park Overview A new era in the Business World , Piyush Business Park is being designed by the world-renowned Architect Hafeez Contractor. Piyush Business Park has architectural marvel in glass and steel will be spread over an area of 2 lakhs sq. ft (approx.). and will be located on the Main Mathura Road, NH-2, Faridabad as figured in the road map displayed below. This business location promises to be the destination of corporate and business houses and will be  an amalgam of serenity and modernity. Piyush Business Park, a new ultra modern design of architecture consists of eight floors surrounded by artfully landscaped greenery with common basement two level parking for nearly three hundred vehicles. It will house MNCs like Insurance, Banking, FMCG, Consutling IT/ITES etc. The platforms and infrastructure supporting services are being carefully engineered and designed to provide the best quality of service at the highest levels of availability and in harmony with customer expectations and global standards. Quality construction material is being used which includes tiled floor finishes, stone countertops throughout the area. Piyush Business Parks will thus provide the most extensive and comprehensive portfolio of structured connectivity solutions available in the market today. Salient Features Electrical Lighting System- Remote Controlled. Heat reflective glass to reduce air conditioning costs. Specifications as per international standards. Designed as per Vaastu feng Shui . Hi-Tech commercial arena and world class futuristic amenities. 24X7 security systems with CCTV. Two level basement parking. Fire Detection protection system. An ambience of multi speciality Cuisine Food Court. Business Park Surrounded by artfully landscaped natural green environment. Dedicated space for auto car showroom Proposed Metro connectivity NH-2 going to six lane soon Current Scenario of Real Estate Business The crucial sector of our economy is the real estate sector as it has huge multiplier effect on the economy and therefore it is known as the big driver for economic growth. After agriculture, real estate sector is the second largest employment generating sector. It is growing at a rate of about 20%  per annum and this sector has been contributing about 5-6% to India’s GDP. Apart from generating a high level of direct employment the sector also stimulates the demand in over 250 ancillary industries such as cement, steel, paint, brick, building materials, consumer durables and so on. Since 2005, the Indian real estate industry has been on a roller coaster ride. There has been a boom in investment and developmental activities after the government’s policy of allowing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in real estate sector. The sector has witnessed the entry of many new domestic realty players and also the arrival of many foreign real estate investment companies including private equity funds, pension funds and development companies entered the sector lured by the high returns on investments. The real estate sector has also been through many highs and lows. The industry achieved new heights during 2007 and early 2008. In beginning of 2007, there was formidable growth in demand, substantial development and increased foreign investments. However, by mid 2008, industry took a ‘U’ turn due to the global economic slowdown and inflow of FDI into real estate dropped significantly which at one point of time was seen as one of the most promising markets for foreign investments experienced a downturn. Financial Support to the Sector FDIs attracted by the housing and real estate sector in the Financial Years 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 are 8.9%, 10.3% and 11% respectively, of the total FDI in India. However the financial year 2010-11 there was sheer 6% FDI in the sector. In the year 2010 the Indian real estate sector regained its charm after the darkness and recessionary pressures experienced in the year of global downturn. With the aim of focussing on ‘affordable housing’ the sector has crunched the financial downturn it has experienced. The sector still has the huge potential to attract FDI in its various segments. The focus on ‘affordable housing’ helped the sector tide over the financial crunch it had witnessed. There is no doubt that the sector holds huge potential to attract FDI in its various segments. The real estate sector requires joint support from both industrial sector and the Government to make further progress. On the one hand, the industry should work towards increased transparency, clear land titles, improved delivery and project execution while on the other hand the Government must provide fiscal  incentives to developers to build low cost and affordable housing for the masses and also review the existing FDI guidelines for investment and development in Indian real estate so that there can be an increase in the flow of foreign capital into the sector. Challenges faced by the Real Estate Industry The challenges that are faced by Indian real estate industry are as follows: Lack of clear land titles, Absence of title insurance, Absence of industry status, Lack of adequate sources of finance, Shortage of labour, Rising manpower and material costs, Approvals and procedural difficulties. Traditionally Real Estate sector was unorganized nowadays it is slowly evolving into a more organised one as the sector has started embracing professional standards and transparency with open arms. The Indian Real Estate sector has both majorly established domestic players and international players. Some of the examples of the major established domestic players in the sector are DLF, Unitech, Hiranandani Constructions, Tata Housing, Godrej Properties, Omaxe, Parsvanath, Raheja Developers, Ansal Properties and Infrastructure and Mahindra Lifespace Developers Ltd to name a few. International players like Hines, Tishman Speyer, Emaar Properties, Ascendas, Capitaland, Portman Holdings and Homex have made a name for themselves in India. The Road Ahead Since real estate reaching a point of saturation in developed countries and the demand and prices falling, global real estate players are looking at emerging economies such as India for tapping opportunities in real estate. Therefore Indian Real Estate Sector has a huge potential of consistent FDIs. As India has strong economic fundamentals and demographic factors so Indian real estate will stay attractive and also there is a high level of global uncertainty looming over the developed and developing nations of the world. Developed economies are still struggling to regain their growth momentum  which will allow developing countries including India and China to grow at a reasonably high rate. The opportunities in Real Estate sector in coming years will also help to attract global players to India and hence will assist the industry to mature become more transparent, improve management and adopt advanced construction techniques (Link 1). Growth prospect of Real Estate Business in NCR Real Estate business in NCR which is witnessing a setback these days will regain its lost momentum with the boost in the economy. Government is taking measures to capitalize on the capabilities of the real estate and infrastructure sector by supporting the private public partnership (PPP) model not only to boost the infrastructural activities in NCR also to bring back growth and to deliver to its citizens. The strategy involves contributions from public and private sector which will revamp the city’s environs. NCR is seemed popular as an investment destination as the destinations like Connaught place is emerged as the fourth costliest commercial office market in the world. Moreover the rental values in central business district (CBD) rose by 20 percent in one year mainly due to lack of availability of quality space, no new supply prevailing high demand. Commercial activity apart from Delhi CBD is mainly concentrated in the prominent locations of NCR (mainly in Faridabad, Noida and Gurgaon) enjoys superiority as a choice of business destinations. In addition to above, the new and the upcoming corridors along Gurgaon and Noida like Yamuna Expressway, Noida Expressway, Dwarka Expressway have led to tremendous increase in the Real Estate Projects both commercial and residential from all major real estate groups in the past few months and will continue to attract more players of real estate. The other major corridors like Faridabad-Noida-Gurgaon (FNG) Expressway, Southern Peripheral Road and Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway are seeing prominent real estate projects developments and their popularity will also lead to more investment in NCR. Capital value of the residential realty market has also increased due to factors like amenities, travel time to commercial districts, connectivity to various parts of the city and quality of public transport and infrastructure. There has been 14 to 29 percent appreciation in residential property market of South-East Delhi, South-Central, Gurgaon and Faridabad in  a year. Rent is also showing stability across all markets in the last quarter (Link 2). Why Faridabad has a Greater Scope for Realty development Faridabad, an industrial hub of Haryana, is now considered one of the best bets for safe living in the NCR. With improving infrastructure, Faridabad has transformed into a booming economic warehouse, and, a recent study has projected this old industrial city as the countrys city of the decade 2011-21 (Link 3). Bibliography (1) http://www.ficci.com/sector/59/Project_docs/real-eastate-profile.pdf (2)http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-05/news/38306514_1_realty-market-noida-expressway-dwarka-expressway (3)http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-01/news/33535418_1_ncr-cities-service-industries-medium-and-large-industries

Exploring Geology In Movies Film Studies Essay

Exploring Geology In Movies Film Studies Essay Do you know what geology is all about? Geology is the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. It includes the study of organisms that have inhabited our planet. the most important part of geology is the study of how Earths materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over time. What about movies? Have you ever heard about it? Surely all people in the entire world know what movie is. Movie can be defined as a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement but how it is related to geology? Since decades ago a lot of geology-related movies were published. Surprisingly, some of these kinds of movies was so outstanding and became box office. These are some examples of movies that are related to geology. If we are talking about asteroids, there are two most popular movies about asteroid impact which are Armageddon and Deep Impact. Both movies were released in 1998 and it is about a decade ago yet still gets attention until today. In Armageddon, the Space Shuttle Atlantis is destroyed by a meteor shower, while they are fixing a satellite in orbit. The entire crew was died. Then, meteorites bombard New York City and several other parts of the world, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) discovers that an asteroid the size of Texas, traveling at 22,000 miles per hour, will collide with Earth in 18 days and will destroy the planet. It is crystal clear that Armageddon is a geology-related movie since it is about asteroid. Besides, Deep Impact is about the pos sible extinction of human life after a comet is discovered headed toward within a year. Humans have to prepare for their survival as a comet is on a collision course with earth. Unluckily, only eight hundred thousand people were randomly selected to be saved in order to keep the human race alive. Another type of geology-movie is about global change. In 2004, The Day After Tomorrow which is about climate change and in 2003, The Core which is about global magnetism was released. As well as the movie about asteroid impact, this kind of movie is also get great attention from public since the narration of these movies is much related to human being. In summary, The Day After Tomorrow is a look at what the world would look like if the greenhouse effect and global warming continued. The main character of the story is a paleoclimatologist, Professor Jack Hall. A paleoclimatologist is a scientist who studies the ways weather patterns changed in the past and in this movie, he tries to save the world from the effects of global warming while also trying to see his son, Sam, who was in New York City as part of a scholastic competition. At the same time, the city was overwhelmed by the chilling beginnings of the new Ice Age. Meanwhile, Dr. Hall also going against the flow since he is nearl y the only one going north as the others races to south. On the other hand, in The Core, for unknown reasons, the Earths inner core has stopped rotating, causing the planets electromagnetic field to rapidly deteriorate. In order to resolve the problem, government and military officials call upon geophysicist, Dr. Josh Keyes and his crew of five goes down to the central of the Earth. Their mission is to detonate a nuclear device that will reactivate the core by dropping a nuclear bomb. The film Earthquake which was released on 1974 and 10.5 which was released on 2004 are about earthquakes. From the title itself we can guess what is shown in the movie Earthquake. In Earthquake, there are several stories of different people. The main story is about a Construction Engineer, Stuart Graff who is estranged from his wife, Remy, and has an affair with Denise Marshall, the widow of a co-worker. Meanwhile, Remy tries to persuade her father, Sam Royce, who is Stuarts employer, to use his influence to stop Stuart from seeing Denise. Rogue policeman Lew Slade is suspended from the Los Angeles Police Department for having punched an obtuse officer from another jurisdiction. Then, Slade contemplates quitting the police force. Jody, a grocery store manager, lusts after Rosa Amici, sister of Sal, the assistant to Miles Quade, an aspiring daredevil motor cyclist. When a major earthquake rips through Los Angeles, the lives of all these people are devastated. What about 10.5? In a nut shell, 10.5 is a disaster film that wonders what might happen if the Western United States is ever ravaged by unprecedented earthquakes. After one quake on Seattle, another strikes California, this one worse than the first. With scientists speculating that an earthquake registering 10.5 on the Richter scale could be next, the U.S. president enlists the help of a seismologist. His aim is to formulate a plan to prevent the deaths of millions of people. Twister and Night of the Twisters are the films about tornadoes which were released in 1996. In Night of the Twisters, A peaceful Nebraska farm community becomes the setting for an unprecedented disaster when it is struck by a deadly series of strong tornados. The story is told from the viewpoint of a 12-year-old boy, Dan who is forced to overcome his own terror to save the lives of friends and family in the horrifying aftermath. On the other hand, Twister is totally different from Night of the Twisters since the story is about conflict in adults life. The movie begins when Bill, a weatherman goes to have his wife, Jo to sign the divorce papers so he can marry his girlfriend, Melissa. Jo finds a collection of record breaking tornados and Bill follows along, soon his duties shift from divorcing Jo to helping her with record breaking technology to create a better warning system. Volcano and Dantes Peak are the films about volcanism and both of them were released on 1997. What happen in the movie Volcano? After a minor earthquake in Los Angeles, a giant burst of lava is released from the La Brea Tar Pits, resulting in the birth of a new volcano under the city. Scientists noticed that the temperature of a lake rises 6 degrees in 12 hours but government is reluctant to believe them but they learn their lesson when lava begins to spill out into the streets and to destroy buildings and cars. What about Dantes Peak? The film begins with the volcanic eruption in Colombia where volcanologist Dr. Harry Dalton attempts to evacuate with his love, Marianne. As they begin heading out of the town, large pieces of volcanic rocks begin to crash onto the small town, one of which penetrates the vehicle and kills Marianne. 4 years later, Dr. Harry receives a call from his boss, Paul Dryfus to check on a Cascades volcano called Dantes Peak. While the town of the same name is ce lebrating their accomplishment to be number two on the most wanted place to live in the country, he meets Rachael Wando, the mayor of the town and owns a small business of food and drinks. Harry notices tress, animals and even people had died recently near the volcano while he is checking on Dantes Peak. Then, he decided to put Dantes Peak on alert, but people, not listen to him because of no real evidence. For a week, the volcano was not overly active, but then the activity began to increase, just as the town was on alert, Dantes Peak erupts. Another important part in geology is Paleontology. Paleontology is the study of ancient or prehistoric life on earth. Its main goal is to investigate the evolution of plant and animal species as well as the earths ancient ecosystems and climate as a whole. Although concerned with life, paleontology is actually a branch of geology and it is the study of physical nature. Jurassic Park gives an explosive impact to the audience when it was released in 1993 and it is one of the great movies about paleontology. An island full of living dinosaurs had been able to be created by huge advancements in scientific technology. John Hammond has invited four individuals, a paleobotanist, a mathematician and his two grandchildren to join him at Jurassic Park. However, their park visit is anything but disaster as the parks security system breaks down, the prehistoric creatures break out, and no more excitement. It occurs when one of the workers in the park has shut down all the electricity in his atte mpts to steal the dinosaurs embryos. Now, its become a race for survival with everyone located all over the island. Apart from it, The Land Before Time (1988) and Dinosaur (2000) also the examples of geology-related movies in paleontology. Now we can obviously see that a lot of geology-related movies or also known as disaster movies were published since ten years ago until today. Furthermore, most of them were so outstanding and get a great attention not only on the day that they were released but still being watched until today. Apart from that, the film maker seem to compete each other to make the best film ever but it is a fact that scientific accuracy is not generally at the top of their to-do list when making a movie. If we see those movies in the perspective of geology we can see that it is drifting from the real fact of science. For example, it is a fact that two space shuttles cannot be launched simultaneously or, even if we could, they would never fly like a pair of the Navys Blue Angels stunt planes because it isnt safe but we can see it in Armageddon. In addition, it is the fact that space stations orbiting our planet are not refueling ports for deep space missions but contrarily, it happens in Armageddon. I n a nutshell, when it comes to science in the movies, it is really not surprised that the fact that they show is so far from accurate.

Transcending The Atrocities of War Essay -- Literary Analysis

Warfare not only results in majority of casualties but also affect individuals both physically and psychologically. This can damage their sense of purpose and identity which can lead to difficulties in the way they relate to others. Art and religion proves to be the saviour of these individuals by helping them respond to the effects and aftermath of war with valour and resilience which not only helps them cope with stress and grief but also gives them the opportunity to interact and connect with others. David Roxborough argues that â€Å"Ondaatje’s method of alternating mythical identity allows the efficient construction of a panoramic religious framework with widespread mythical significance.† Similarly, Alice Brittan claims that â€Å"Ondaatje’s novel is filled with [†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦] scenes of reading and writing, and characters who delight in marginalia.† Both the authors agree that Ondaatje’s novel The English Patient utilizes imagery and mytholo gy to explain the atrocities of the Second World War, and to explicate that religion and the admiration of art attempts to defy the violent human displacements enabled by war, and helps to transcend the crude realities of the world. The novel The English Patient harbours four central characters namely Almasy, Hana, Caravaggio and Kip whose lives are devastated by the Second World War and British colonialism. Almasy, the English patient, receives austere burns during an escape from a â€Å"blazing aircraft† which makes him resemble â€Å"a [burnt] animal, taut and dark† (Ondaatje 6, 41). His injuries hinder him in making any kind of movement. Hana, a twenty years old Canadian nurse, is forced to leave her adolescence and step into adulthood at an early age. She loses her father, and has to suffer the pain of an aborti... ... English Patient.† The History of the Book and the Idea of Literature 121 (2006): 200-213. PMLA. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. Roxborough, David. â€Å"The Gospel of Almasy: Christian Mythology in Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient.† Essays on Canadian Writing 67 (1999): 236. Academic Search Premier. Web. 17. Apr. 2012. Cook, Rufus. "Being and representation in Michael Ondaatje's 'The English Patient'." ARIEL 30.4 (1999): 35+. Canadian Periodicals Index Quarterly. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. Goldman, Marlene. "'Powerful Joy': Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient and Walter Benjamin's Allegorical Way of Seeing." University Of Toronto Quarterly 70.4 (2001): 902. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. Scobie, Stephen. â€Å"The reading lesson: Michael Ondaatje and the patients of desire.† Essays on Canadian Writing 53 (1994): 92. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Apr. 2012.

Explain Why It Is Difficult to Talk Meaningfully About God Essay

Religious language is defined as the communication of ideas about God, faith, belief and practice. This definition makes it difficult to talk meaningfully about it as each of these words have concepts behind them and each and every individual interprets these differently, so religious language is different to everyday language, as it only denotes to an individual’s belief and faiths traditions. There are also many problems with religious language as a whole as it anthropomorphises God, by using terminology such as ‘Him’ ‘King’ and ‘Shepherd’ this is limiting and subjects God to have human qualities, which is against what The Bible wants to portray God as. Also another problem is that some think that religious language is cognitive, thus something must be known about God to talk meaningfully about it. Yet this creates the problem that religious statements are not about objective facts that can be proved true or false but are answers to questions that are unable to be validated, as they are based on objective facts that are open to cognition. These issues have led to religious believers to find ways in which they can talk about God in a meaningful way and the opposite as non-believers are searching for ways to render religious language meaningless. A group of philosophers called the logical positivists who as a group did not seek to understand how we gain knowledge of the external world, but how we use language to convey it. They believed that everything that can be verified is meaningful. Thus the verification principle was developed which stated that if it could be empirical tested by the five senses then it was meaningful, for example, a house is made of gingerbread, is meaningless as it can be proved false by taking stone samples from the house. Yet this causes a problem when talking about philosophical and religious aspects. The logical positivists thought it was pointless to talk about art, music, ethic and God as it could never be verified, so couldn’t be rendered true or false. Therefore it is meaningless as it is used to consider things beyond the human experience and this creates the ‘impossibility’ to understand to meaning of anything being said. A. J. Ayer; a logical positivist introduces two types of verification, strong and weak, to deal with the acceptation of scientific and historical propositions which are struggling to regard as meaningful or not. Strong verification is when there is absolute no doubt that a statement is true, as it is verified through sense, for example, ‘It is sunny today’. Yet weak verification occurs when some of the observations are not conclusively true or false, for example, ‘humans are made of atoms’ as this may be accepted by people who were at the time of the discovery, also future scientific statements are verified by the weak, as they will only be affirmed in the future not at present. The falsification principle created by Flew, stated that religious statements are meaningless as there nothing which can count against a religious believer, as they will not count or accept any of the evidence against their faith. Criticism ‘dies the death of a thousand qualifications’. For example Flew used the story of a father of a terminally ill child, prayed for God to make their child better, but the child died, the father qualifies this by saying it was God’s decision and maybe God’s love is ‘not merely human love’. Tillich believed that religious language was meaningful as it was conveyed through metaphors and symbols, however philosophers such as Paul Edwards thought that revelation could not be portrayed through the verification principle using empirical evidence therefore symbols don’t elude any factual knowledge, and are meaningless. Another critique of Tillich is that he stated that metaphors and symbols can be mistranslated and over time the original meaning may have been lost or forgotten therefore considering symbols meaningless as the meaning may have been changed from what was originally intended to represent. Also with the criticism that symbols can be interpreted in any way the individual wants to, this is demising the ultimate truth of reality it is trying to convey as it may point in a different direction as to which was also originally intended. Overall, the verification and the falsification principles argue that it is not possible to talk about God meaningful way as it is not possible to prove the existence of God of go verify any of the statements related to God.

How Is the Child’s Exploration and Orientation in His Physical Environment Complimented by the Montessori Materials and Presentation

How is the child’s exploration and orientation in his physical environment complimented by the Montessori materials and presentation? Dr. Maria Montessori’s goal of education is to develop a global vision within the children. Montessori calls the path to this perspective â€Å"Cosmic Education†, which develops in children a sense of gratitude for the universe and their lives within it. The concept of cosmic education presents a comprehensive whole picture of the world- a world in which the child sees himself as being a part. Montessori had much to say about world peace. She always says about the importance of developing an understanding of the human problem and restricting human society. She firmly believed that the way to do this was through the child, and that the work of education was to establish a lasting peace. Throughout history, humans have relied on their ingenuity and adaptability for survival. Regardless of race, country ,or culture, people follow similar patterns. After years of careful observation in children, Maria Montessori was able to identify 14 important tendencies that compel human beings to construct and refine the world around them, which she considered these as â€Å"Tendencies of man†, they are exploration, order, gregariousness, communication, abstraction, curiosity, calculation, repetition, concentration, self-control, perfection, creativity, independence and work. The Montessori prepared environment with its carefully chosen and beautifully arranged materials is build around these tendencies. Because of this, Montessori teachers do not need to force their students to; children are naturally drawn to the materials because they appeal to their instinctive drives. Today’s child unconsciously displays the same traits that early human did, and without realizing it,we often stand in the way of their exploration and manipulation because it is an inconvenience to us. When we are able to remove any hinderences to a child’s natural tendencies, the child will flourish and likely surprise us with their pursuit of knowledge, their innovative thinking, and their limitless curiosity. Children are naturally attracted to the nature. So a Montessori environment bust well prepared with natural things such as choice of plants and flowers with a small garden in the outdoor and with some pats such as rabbits, gold fish. These simple things attract the child to study about the plants and animals, to care for them and also to explore specimens found in our living world. The Montessori cultural materials were designed to allow the child to explore an abstract concept in the concrete form. Like the other areas of Montessori curriculum, the sequence of presentation begins with simple to complex and concrete to abstract. The next activity is identifying animals (more specially grouped). This activity also presented in the same way as loosely group, but each group is specifically grouped, for e. g. Birds that can fly and Bird that can’t fly. This activity leads the child further into classification by encouraging groups and also make the child aware of similarities and differences between spices. The next activity in zoology is Jigsaw puzzle of an animal. The materials for this activity are Animal puzzle and identical picture card as control card. The child is given a particular animal puzzle and she will be discussed about that animal. For e. g. Fish, at first the child will be asked â€Å"What is this animal? , What does it eat? , Where does it live? Then the teacher will point each part and asks the child, â€Å"Do you know what part is this? If the child doesn’t know she will teach the names of the parts. Then the teacher will show the child how to place the head in the picture card and she asks the child to place the rest. Then again putting back she reinforces the child by, â€Å"Would you like to put the fin first? In this manner the directress will present the activity. So while working with this material the child will get a sensorial awareness of the different parts of animals and also provide information and increase the child’s vocabulary as well. The next activity in zoology is Terminology cards (Identifying parts of the animals). The materials for this activities are a set of control cards which the parts of the body of a particular animal is highlighted in red and the names of the parts are written on them. The next setof cards are picture cards same as control cards but unnamed and the name tags. There are two cards non-highlighted pictures of a particular animal. This activity also has two presentation one for non-reading child and the other one for reading child. For the non-reading child the teacher will place the non-highlighted pictures of an animal, for e. g. Elephant the control card near the child and she will discuss about elephant. Then she will give any of the highlighted picture of an elephant say for e. g. the head and she will ask , â€Å"Do you know what part is this? If the child knows he will tell, if the child doesn’t know teacher will tell the name of the part, â€Å"Head†. Like wise the child will be discuss each part of an elephant. Then the teacher will gives the picture cards to match with the control cards. For reading child she does the same way as non-reading child, she gives the name tags and have the child read and place it under the correct card. When the child finishes she gives the control cards and ask the child to checks her work. After working with this materials the child will knows the parts of the animals, his vocabulary increase, it develop awareness of similarities and differences in animals, develop child observational and classification skills. The next activity will be Terminology cards; identifying plant parts. This activity presented in the same manner as Terminology cards; identifying animals’ body, but the pictures should be a plant picture and each part of plant is highlighted in red. This activity teach the names of the parts of the plants, it provide information about the plants, develop awareness of similarity and differences in the plants and also it develop the child’s observation and classification skills. The next activity is flower pressing. Children love flowers, so this activity provides them to work with flowers. They are encouraged to find different types of flowers and leaves and they are showed how to press them and make lovely greeting card, or a design for them to hang in their room wall. This activity prepares the child for art and also it appreciates the design in nature. The next activity in botany is first introduction to the leaf cabinet. This cabinet is same as geometrical cabinet in sensorial area, having three leaf shape drawers and the removable insets which are in green. In this activity children are encouraged to trace the shape of the leaves, there fore it create awareness of the variety of leaf shapes in the environment through visual and muscular knowledge of leaf shapes. So this activity increase the children observation skill, it help foster the child’s respect for the wide diversity of plant forms in the world and also it prepare the child for future works in botany and create interest in designs. The next activity which is an important activity which is presented to the children is the importance of the sun. Teacher talks about the children why sun is important? She tells the children it gives us heat, otherwise it will be cold, it would be difficult for us human , animals and plants to survive. She explains some other important facts about sun. Teacher shows the children how sun is important using chart, the food chain how the sun helps the plants to grow, when the plants grow only animal can eat plant and they can grow, if the animals grow only we can get food from animals, so all are dependent in the single element that is sun. The teacher must be creative and innovative to present this activity. So the children will understand how the sun is important for all living creatures. This activity prepares the child for future work in photosynthesis. The next activity which is presented to the children is growing plants. The children are shown how to grow a plant. They were asked to water the plant daily and also not to expose the pot to the sun too much which cause the plant to dry or die and also they were asked to observe the development daily. This activity teach the children to plant seeds and how to care for plants, it develop a sense of responsibility and ownership in the child and also children will have the concrete experience as to what a plant needs to grow. The last activity presented to the children is plants life stories. The pictures of life cycle of a plant are made as frieze. The picture shows the seed, sun, water and finally a plant. This will be present in the same manner as life stories of animals. By showing each picture the teacher will describe each stage, how water and sun important for the seed to grow and finally how the plant grown fully. This activity help the children to understand the life cycle of plants, to identify the sequence of growth, and also this leads the child to take care of the plants. The next subject which is presented to the children is Geography. Maria Montessori adds this subject in cultural subjects to launch the child’s exploration of the world’s physical environment. Montessori approach always introducing new ideas with concrete objects or pictures for the child to see, touch and manipulate. The first activity which is presented in Geography is Sandpaper globe. The globe which has the continents covered with sandpaper and the sea is painted in blue. The teacher brings the sandpaper globe to the table and shows the child how to feel it with her both hands and she ask the child to feel the same. Then she gives the name of land and water using three period lessons by feeling with her two fingers. So while working with the sandpaper globe initially the child learn things the shape of the world is sphere and that is made up of land and water. The next activity which is presented to the child is the coloured globe. In the coloured globe the continents painted in different colours- Europe is red, Asia is yellow, Africa is green, Australasia is brown, north America is orange, South America is pink and the Antartica is white. Teacher brings the colored globe and sandpaper lobe to the table and shows the child, the coloured globe is same as sandpaper globe. Then using the coloured globe she tells the child that the land on the colored globe is divided by colors and each colour represents masses of land and they are call as continents. While working with the colored globe, the child will become aware of the relative sizes, shapes and positions of the land masses and oceans. The next activity which is presented to the child is Jigsaw map of the world. The Montessori Jigsaw map of the world made up with 2 hemispheres, each with the continents removable as whole puzzle pieces. The colours are the same as the colored globe. It is easier for a young child to see how the world is represented on a flat map. There is a control map for the child to place the pieces on that. Directress will shows the child how to place the pieces on the control map and she invites the child to do the same. The child learns the names of the continents with the Jigsaw map of the world with the three period lessons. The next activity is continent cards. The child will further reinforce to learn the names of the continents with this activity. After learning the names of the continent the child learn about animals which live in each continent. This activity given to the child to relate animals to the continents on which they live. After learning about each continent the child will learn how they are divided into different countries which are areas of land with a name, flag and national anthem. Then the child learns various countries with the pictures from various continents. The child also has a great natural interest in others who are different from him self. The teacher will shows the child any picture of a country flag, the important places, their foods, their festivals and etc. he learns much more about the lives of others through this presentation. The next activity which is presented to the children is introduction of the three elements. The child will be discussed about the three elements and she tells the child theses three elements are very important and without any one of them, earth will not exist† so the child will be aware how important these three elements how to save them from pollution. So children have freedom to choose to their own inner needs. Repetition is necessary for them to master and perfect his skills and build his competency and knowledge. Through free choice and repletion children acquire their knowledge step by step depending on their own needs. So the teacher needs to understand that children will reveal him self through work. She can help them to remove their obstacles and guide them to next step according to their own needs and desires. If the teacher helps him in this manner, it cultivate the child’s character, it help children to live in peace and harmony with all people and establish an innate awareness that they are citizens of the world and stewards of their own communities. Dr. Montessori said, â€Å"To serve the children is to feel one is serving the spirit of man, a spirit which has to free itself (Absorbent Mind, Chapter 27, p. g. 283) Bibliography Maria Montessori, To educate the human potential, A KALAKSHETRA PRESS, 84, kalakshetra road, madrass- 600 041. PAULA POLK LILLARD, MONTESSRI TODAY, Schocken Books inc, New York. LESLEY BRITTON, MONTESSORI PLAY & LEARN, Vermilion, re print by Random House, 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, SW*1* V *2* SA. *Maria Montessori, The Absorbent Mind, Henry Hold and company, LLC, 115, West 18th* street, Ney York, New York, 10011, 1995. DMT 108, Modern Montessori International LTD, 107 Bow Road, Bow London E3 2AN. Maria Montessori, the Discovery of the Child, The Random House Publishing group, New York, 1967.